Đề bài
Chứng minh các đẳng thức lượng giác sau:
a) \(4\cos x\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3} - x} \right)\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3} + x} \right) = \cos 3x\);
b) \(\frac{{\sin 2x\cos x}}{{\left( {1 + \cos x} \right)\left( {1 + \cos 2x} \right)}} = \tan \frac{x}{2}\);
c) \(\sin x\left( {1 + 2\cos 2x + 2\cos 4x + 2\cos 6x} \right) = \sin 7x\);
d) \(\frac{{{{\sin }^2}3x}}{{{{\sin }^2}x}} - \frac{{{{\cos }^2}3x}}{{{{\cos }^2}x}} = 8\cos 2x\).
Phương pháp giải - Xem chi tiết
Sử dụng kiến thức về các công thức lượng giác:
a) \(\cos \alpha \cos \beta = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\cos \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right) + \cos \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right)} \right]\)
b) \(\sin 2\alpha = 2\sin \alpha \cos \alpha ,\cos 2\alpha = 2{\cos ^2}\alpha - 1\)
c) \(\sin \alpha \cos \beta = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\sin \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right) + \sin \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right)} \right]\)
d) \(\sin \left( {\alpha - \beta } \right) = \sin \alpha \cos \beta - \cos \alpha \sin \beta \), \(\sin \left( {\alpha + \beta } \right) = \sin \alpha \cos \beta + \cos \alpha \sin \beta \), \(\sin 2\alpha = 2\sin \alpha \cos \alpha \)
Lời giải chi tiết
a) \(4\cos x\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3} - x} \right)\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3} + x} \right) \) \( = 2\cos x\left( {\cos \frac{{2\pi }}{3} + \cos 2x} \right)\)
\( \) \( = 2\cos x.\cos 2x + 2.\frac{{ - 1}}{2}\cos x \) \( = \cos 3x + \cos x - \cos x \) \( = \cos 3x\)
b) \(\frac{{\sin 2x\cos x}}{{\left( {1 + \cos x} \right)\left( {1 + \cos 2x} \right)}} \) \( = \frac{{2\sin x{{\cos }^2}x}}{{\left( {1 + \cos x} \right)\left( {1 + 2{{\cos }^2}x - 1} \right)}} \) \( = \frac{{2\sin x{{\cos }^2}x}}{{\left( {1 + \cos x} \right)2{{\cos }^2}x}}\)
\( \) \( = \frac{{\sin x}}{{1 + \cos x}} \) \( = \frac{{2\sin \frac{x}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2}}}{{1 + 2{{\cos }^2}\frac{x}{2} - 1}} \) \( = \frac{{2\sin \frac{x}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2}}}{{2{{\cos }^2}\frac{x}{2}}} \) \( = \tan \frac{x}{2}\)
c) \(\sin x\left( {1 + 2\cos 2x + 2\cos 4x + 2\cos 6x} \right)\)
\( \) \( = \sin x + 2\sin x\cos 2x + 2\sin x\cos 4x + 2\sin x\cos 6x\)
\( \) \( = \sin x + \sin 3x - \sin x + \sin 5x - \sin 3x + \sin 7x - \sin 5x\)\( \) \( = \sin 7x\)
d) \(\frac{{{{\sin }^2}3x}}{{{{\sin }^2}x}} - \frac{{{{\cos }^2}3x}}{{{{\cos }^2}x}} \) \( = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}3x{{\cos }^2}x - {{\cos }^2}3x{{\sin }^2}x}}{{{{\sin }^2}x{{\cos }^2}x}} \) \( = \frac{{{{\left( {\sin 3x\cos x} \right)}^2} - {{\left( {\cos 3x\sin x} \right)}^2}}}{{{{\sin }^2}x{{\cos }^2}x}}\)
\( \) \( = \frac{{\left( {\sin 3x\cos x + \cos 3x\sin x} \right)\left( {\sin 3x\cos x - \cos 3x\sin x} \right)}}{{{{\sin }^2}x{{\cos }^2}x}} \) \( = \frac{{\sin 4x\sin 2x}}{{\frac{1}{4}{{\sin }^2}2x}}\)
\( \) \( = \frac{{4\sin 4x}}{{\sin 2x}} \) \( = \frac{{8\sin 2x\cos 2x}}{{\sin 2x}} \) \( = 8\cos 2x\)
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