PAST SIMPLE
(THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
I. Cách dùng
1. Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn tất trong quá khứ với thời gian xác định rõ
Ví dụ:
- I saw Tam in the park last Sunday.
- The bomb exploded two months ago.
2. Diễn tả các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
Ví dụ:
- Laura came home, took a nap, then had lunch.
- David fell down the stairs yesterday and hurt his leg.
II. Cấu trúc
Đối với động từ “to be”:
| Dạng khẳng định | Dạng phủ định | Dạng nghi vấn |
| I/He/She/It + was + N/Adj We/You/They + were + N/Adj | I/He/She/It + was not (wasn’t) + N/Adj We/You/They + were not (weren’t) + N/Adj | Was/Were + S + N/Adj? - Yes, S + was/were. - No, S + wasn’t/weren’t. |
| Ví dụ: - Ms. Hoa was very happy when her husband bought her a bouquet yesterday. - They were in Bangkok on their summer holiday 3 years ago. | Ví dụ: - She wasn’t very happy last night because of her son’s bad behavior towards her friends. - They weren’t at home last night. | Ví dụ: - Q: Was Neil Armstrong the first person to step on the Moon? A: Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. - Q: Were you at school yesterday? A: Yes, I was./ No, I was not. |
Đối với động từ thường:
| Dạng khẳng định | Dạng phủ định | Dạng nghi vấn |
| S + V-ed | S + did not (didn’t) + V | Did + S + V? |
| Ví dụ: - We went to Japan last week. - I met my old friend at the shopping mall yesterday. | Ví dụ: - He didn’t go to work last week. - We didn’t get any phone calls from the HR department yesterday. | Ví dụ: - Q: Was Neil Armstrong the first person to step on the Moon? A: Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. - Q: Were you at school yesterday? A: Yes, I was./ No, I was not. |
III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Thì quá khứ đơn thường dùng với các trạng từ:
- yesterday: hôm qua
- yesterday morning / afternoon / evening: sáng / chiều / tối hôm qua
Ví dụ:
Yesterday morning, Tom got up early; then he ate breakfast and went to school.
- last night / week / month / year: tối qua / tuần trước / tháng trước / năm ngoái
Ví dụ:
Hannah went to the theatre last week.
- a period of time + ago: bao lâu trước / cách đây bao lâu (two hours ago, two weeks ago …)
Ví dụ:
The plane took off two hours ago.
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